Backup(backup): backup necessary files before flashing.

Busybox(buzibox): is a set of console utilities for Linux systems. Essentially needed by programs that require root-rights for proper functioning.

Custom(custom): modification, change (custom firmware, custom recovery).
CWM(ClockworkMod recovery): custom recovery. Used for flashing custom firmware, formatting, backup.

Deodex(deodex): system files .apk along with themselves have a “load” file with the same name and extension .odex. With their help, presumably you can save some space. Deodexing means that you convert this .odex to .dex (the same file stored inside .apk) and put it back into .apk. This allows us to freely replace system applications without worrying about cokexes, but the main cause of deodexing was to do such an operation with the services.jar file, thanks to which you can change the colors of all texts (for example, the color of the clock from white to black, etc.) , and to deodex services.jar, you need to deodex all system .apk-shki. The craftsmen removed the .ODEX files from the firmware, writing the information contained in them into the APK files, thereby reducing the size of the firmware and most importantly - now the APK files themselves can be changed as you like, this does not affect the system’s work in a fatal way. This is called deodexing.
This is good - in the deodexed firmware, you can easily open the APK file with the archiver, change the resources in it (pictures, etc.) and return the changed file to a place in the firmware.

Downgrade(downgrade, rollback): lowering the firmware, that is, rolling back from a newer version to an older one.

Full wipe(formatting, full wipe): made from custom recovery: mounts and storage ->format / cache, / system, / data, / preload, / sdcard; advanced ->wipe dalvik cache, wipe battery status. This will clear the cache, the contents of the internal memory, battery statistics, the system will be deleted.

Nandroid backup: full system backup with the ability to recover from any state. How to do it: go to custom recovery ->backup and restore ->backup (backup will be saved to internal memory) or backup to external sdcard (backup will be saved to a memory card). To restore from backup, select restore.

Recovery(recovery): boot mode (similar to BIOS on BB). How to enter: turn off the phone, hold the volume button down + the home button + the power button. After the Galaxy s IV logo, you must get into the recovery. From the recovery, only custom firmwares are flashed (in * .zip format)

Root(root): administrator account. What is it for:
- Full control over your system
- Allows you to change system files
- Run special applications that require more control over the system
- System backup
- Allows you to move the cache (browser / maps / Market'a / games) to the SD card.
- When you rotate the device, you lose the warranty!
Wipe(wipe): reset to factory settings. It is made from recovery: wipe data / factory reset and wipe cache partition.

XDA- XDA developers, portal and forum on mobile devices, firmware for them, beauties, etc. Most information and different utilities are written by its members.

Zip- ZIP format; It usually distributes custom firmware or patches, applications, etc;

BB(Big Brother) - Ordinary stationary computer or laptop.

Cwm package- ZIP file intended for installation through recovery, for example, firmware, firmware update, kernel, theme, percentage battery, etc.

Dalvik-cache- Cache .dex files folder with davik cache (virtual machine in which all programs work).

1. CyanogenMod firmware (or CM for short)
CyanogenMod is pure Android without adding chips from the manufacturer, a huge team of people are working on creating the basis of these firmware. According to statistics all over the world, more than 4.8 million phones cost exactly CM firmware. CM firmware is usually focused on reliability and performance. You can read moreHERE. Video review.

2. Firmware based on stock.
The point of creating such firmware in increasing the performance of phones while retaining all the manufacturer's chips. And again, you get the opportunity to choose which software from the manufacturer to keep and which to remove. As a rule, only such firmware appears in the first months after the phone enters the market.

3. MIUI firmware.
MIUI is a highly modified android, sometimes reminiscent of iOS. Most of the MIUI firmware is based on CyanogenMod and is released almost immediately after the official release of it. The main task of MIUI is to simplify the management of the phone and at the same time add to the interface of beauty and the ability to change the appearance in the root. You can read moreHERE. Video review.

4. Android Open Kang Project (or AOKP)
AOKP firmware is very similar to CM, however, it is considered that AOKP has more settings that change the phone's interface and some functionality. The AOKP development team is much smaller than the CM, but it often happens that a group of like-minded people gather to support the popular AOKP device with the AOKP firmware.

5. Android Open Source Project (or AOSP)
By and large, AOSP is a bare android. The way it is released by Google, most often in such firmware minimal interface changes. Often, the creators of the firmware indicate in the name of their firmware "based on AOSP", that is, at the heart of the firmware is a naked Android.

Start with the first item and if it did not give you the answer go to the next one.
1. Use the search for similar problems with members of the forum.How to use search
2. Try to repeat the firmware process. (it is desirable to perform a "clean firmware")
3. Download the firmware from another resource and repeat the process of "clean firmware".
4. Create a message on the forum with a detailed description of the actions taken, the name and version of the firmware and a detailed description of the problem.

Instructions to disable driver signature verification in Windows 8 permanently. The main

Run the command line "cmd "(Win + R ->cmd)
Next, enter the command, a new line = enter (Enter key)

Permanently disable driver signature verification.

After that, it is advisable to restart the PC.

To return back (verification of the signature is included)


Second option, spare.
Run the command line "cmd "(Win + R ->cmd)

After restarting your computer, proceed to the points below.

Diagnostics - Advanced Options - Download Options - F7

Clean install
It implies a complete reset of all information in your phone.

1. Wipe Factory Reset
2. Wipe cache
3. Wipe Dalvik Cache
5. Wipe system
6. Wipe Data
7. install .zip from SD ->installing firmware

Or, if you have Recovery Philz installed, then select Wipe data / Factory Reset, then Clean to install a new rom and confirm our choice.

Firmware update / installation modifications.
When switching from one firmware to another without changing the version of Android (4.2 ->4.2) or installing individual firmware components (modifications) is enough to reset the cache files.

1. Wipe Cache
2. Wipe Dalvik Cache

Stock core.
This is the core that has been optimized by the manufacturer for this device.
And blocked for intervention.

Custom kernel
Basically they use newer Linux.
And gives us some advantages over the stock core.
For example:
-Change processor frequency over a wide range;
- Overclocking graphics subsystem (GPU);
- Reducing the frequency and voltage of the processor, which allows for a longer battery life;
- More fresh and quality drivers,
-A wide possibilities for setting and configuring the sound and color of the screen;
-Support for alternative file systems.